home Services Presentation on the topic of precision weapons. Presentation on the topic "modern conventional weapons." Nuclear source

Presentation on the topic of precision weapons. Presentation on the topic "modern conventional weapons." Nuclear source

Modern conventional Modern conventional means of destruction means of destruction Lecturer, organizer of life safety Lecturer, organizer of life safety Degtyarev A.I. Degtyarev A.I.

Ammunition and systems of conventional Ammunition and systems of conventional means of destruction of means of destruction Conventional means of destruction are weapons, Conventional means of destruction are weapons that are based on the use of energy which are based on the use of the energy of explosives (HE) and incendiary explosives (HE) and incendiary mixtures (artillery, missile and mixtures (artillery, missile and aviation ammunition, small aircraft ammunition, small arms, mines, incendiary weapons, mines, incendiary ammunition and fire mixtures), as well as cold ammunition and fire mixtures), as well as edged weapons. weapon.

Precision weapons Precision weapons Precision weapons include: cruise Precision weapons include: cruise missiles, guided ballistic missiles, rockets, guided ballistic missiles, aerial bombs and clusters, artillery aerial bombs and cassettes, artillery shells, torpedoes, reconnaissance strikes, shells, torpedoes, reconnaissance strike, anti-aircraft and anti-tank missile systems. anti-aircraft and anti-tank missile systems. Cruise missile "Tomahawk" Guided ballistic Aviation Cruise missile "Tomahawk" Guided ballistic Aviation bombs Aviation cluster bombs Aviation clusters missile "Harpoon" missile "Harpoon"

High-explosive ammunition High-explosive ammunition Designed to destroy large ground objects (industrial and administrative facilities (industrial and administrative buildings, railway junctions, etc.). buildings, railway junctions and etc.). The mass of such a bomb can be The mass of such a bomb can be from 50 to 10,000 kg. Fixed assets from 50 to 10,000 kg. The main means of delivering high-explosive bombs are airplanes. delivery of high-explosive bombs - airplanes.

Hand fragmentation grenades Hand fragmentation grenades are actively used both in defense and in the offensive to destroy enemy personnel. enemy. Hand grenades M26, M61 (USA) Fragmentation Hand grenades M26, M61 (USA) Fragmentation grenade M61 (USA) grenade M61 (USA)

Grenade launchers Grenade launchers Currently, every motorized rifle unit is currently armed with hand grenade launchers. Range is armed with hand grenade launchers. The firing range of a grenade launcher depends on the model, 200 grenade launcher shots depending on the model, 200 - 500 meters. – 500 meters.

RG25,30under-barrel 6G30revolver GM RG25,30under-barrel 6G30revolver GM 94magazine 94magazine (in the bottom row - RGS50M, AGS17, AGS30) (in the bottom row - RGS50M, AGS17, AGS30)

Aviation fragmentation ammunition Aviation fragmentation ammunition Used to destroy people and Used to defeat people and animals. When a bomb explodes, large animals are formed. When a bomb explodes, a large number of fragments are formed, which fly into different numbers of fragments, which fly in different directions over a distance of 300 meters. sides at a distance of 300 meters.

Ball (cluster) anti-personnel bombs Ball (cluster) anti-personnel bombs bombs Can be the size of a tennis ball Can be the size of a tennis ball to a soccer ball and contain up to a soccer ball and contain up to 200 metal or up to 200 metal or plastic balls with a diameter of 5 - 6 mm. plastic balls with a diameter of 5 - 6 mm. The destruction radius of such a bomb is 1.5 - 15 meters, depending on the caliber. meters.

Volumetric explosion ammunition Volumetric explosion ammunition They use liquid hydrocarbon fuel as a combat charge: ethylene oxide or liquid hydrocarbon fuel: ethylene or propylene oxide, methane. propylene, methane.

Concrete-piercing ammunition Concrete-piercing ammunition Designed for destruction of airfield runways and other objects, airfield landing strips and other objects with a concrete surface. having a concrete covering.

Incendiary weapons Incendiary weapons Incendiary substances are called Incendiary substances are those substances and mixtures that have a damaging effect as a result of the high temperature as a result of the high temperature created when they burn. created during their combustion.

Incendiary weapons are divided into: Incendiary weapons are divided into: incendiary mixtures (napalms); incendiary mixtures (napalms);

metallized incendiary metallized incendiary mixtures based on petroleum products; mixtures based on petroleum products (pyrogel); (pyrogel);

thermite and thermite compounds; thermite and thermite compounds;

white phosphorus. white phosphorus.

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DESIGNED TO DAMAGE LARGE GROUND OBJECTS (INDUSTRIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS, RAILWAY JUNCTIONS, ETC.) BY SHOCK WAVES AND FRAGMENTS. THE CALIBER OF SUCH A BOMB CAN BE FROM 50 TO 10,000 KG. THE MAIN MEANS OF DELIVERY OF HIGH EXPLOSIVE AIR BOMBS (FAB) ARE AIRPLANES.

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DESIGNED TO DESTROY ARMORED TARGETS. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION – BURNING A BARRIER WITH A POWERFUL JET OF HIGH DENSITY GASES WITH A TEMPERATURE OF 6000 -7000 DEGREES. FOCUSED DETONATION PRODUCTS ARE CAPABLE OF BURNING HOLES IN ARMOR COVERS WITH A THICKNESS OF SEVERAL TENS OF CENTIMETERS.

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NAPALMS The most effective fire mixture is considered to be NAPALM. It consists of gasoline (90 -97%) and thickener powder (3 - 10%). Napalm ignites well even on wet surfaces and is capable of creating a high-temperature fire (1000 - 1200 degrees) with a burning duration of 5 - 10 minutes. It is lighter than water, so it floats on its surface, while retaining the ability to burn.

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THERMITE COMPOSITIONS Pressed powder of aluminum and oxides of refractory metals. Burning thermite heats up to 3000 degrees. At this temperature, concrete and brick crack, steel burns.

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If the fire mixture gets on personal protective equipment or clothing: Clothing or protective suit must be quickly discarded; Cover a small amount of incendiary substance on clothing or an open area of skin tightly with sleeves, hollow clothing, turf, soil, sand, silt, etc.; You can't run because... this will intensify the combustion process and lead to more severe damage; If a person is exposed to a large amount of fire mixture, then a cape, jacket, burlap is thrown over him and pressed to the ground. If there is a body of water nearby, you need to immerse yourself in the water without taking off your clothes; A fire extinguisher should not be used on a victim to extinguish napalm.

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Wings of a rocket - usually unmanned aircraft single launch, equipped with wings, a guidance system and an air-breathing engine. At the same time, there were designs that both had rocket engines and were controlled by suicide pilots. Outdated names - projectile aircraft, gliding bomb. US Tomahawk cruise missile in flight P-800 O Nix anti-ship missile, Russia

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A ballistic missile is a type of missile weapon. Most of the flight is carried out along a ballistic trajectory, that is, it is in uncontrolled movement. Based on their area of application, ballistic missiles are divided into strategic and tactical. You can often find missiles divided by flight range, although there is no generally accepted standard classification of missiles by range. Short-range ballistic missiles (up to 1000 kilometers). Medium-range ballistic missiles (from 1000 to 5500 kilometers). Intercontinental ballistic missiles (over 5500 kilometers). Intercontinental and intermediate-range missiles are often used as strategic missiles and are equipped with nuclear warheads. Their advantage over airplanes is their short approach time (less than half an hour at intercontinental range) and higher warhead speed, which makes them very difficult to intercept even with a modern missile defense system.

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Weapons of mass destruction Weapons designed to cause mass casualties or destruction over a large area. The damaging factors of weapons of mass destruction, as a rule, continue to cause damage over a long period of time. WMD also demoralizes both troops and civilians. Comparable consequences can occur in the case of the use of conventional weapons or the commission of terrorist acts at environmentally hazardous facilities, such as nuclear power plants, dams and waterworks, chemical plants, etc. Modern states are armed with the following types of weapons of mass destruction: chemical weapons, biological weapons, nuclear weapons

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Biological weapons Pathogenic microorganisms or their spores, viruses, bacterial toxins, infected animals, as well as means of their delivery, intended for mass destruction of enemy personnel, farm animals, crops, as well as damage to certain types of military materials and equipment.

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Damaging factor As bacterial (biological) agents to infect people, the enemy can use pathogenic microbes - pathogens of plague, cholera, smallpox, tularemia, etc. and toxins - poisons secreted by some microbes. External signs of bacteriological (biological) contamination are the formation of an aerosol cloud after the explosion of ammunition, as well as the appearance of a large number of insects in places where bombs and containers fell. Shelters equipped with filter-ventilation units, anti-radiation shelters, personal protective equipment for the respiratory system and skin, as well as special means of anti-epidemic protection: protective vaccinations, serums, antibiotics protect against bacteriological weapons.

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Chemical weapons Weapons of mass destruction, the action of which is based on the toxic properties of toxic substances, and the means of their use: shells, missiles, mines, aircraft bombs, VAPs (aircraft discharge devices). Along with nuclear and biological weapons, it is classified as a weapon of mass destruction (WMD).

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Nuclear weapons A set of nuclear weapons, means of delivering them to a target and control means. Nuclear ammunition is an explosive weapon based on the use of nuclear energy released during a nuclear chain reaction of fission of heavy nuclei and/or thermonuclear fusion reaction of light nuclei.

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Classification of nuclear weapons * “Atomic” - single-phase or single-stage devices in which the main energy output comes from the nuclear reaction of fission of heavy elements (uranium-235 or plutonium) with the formation of lighter elements. * “Hydrogen” - two-phase or two-stage devices in which two physical processes, localized in different areas of space, are sequentially developed: in the first stage, the main source of energy is the nuclear fission reaction, and in the second, fission and thermonuclear fusion reactions are used in different proportions, depending depending on the type and configuration of the ammunition. The first stage triggers the second, during which the largest part of the explosion energy is released. The term thermonuclear weapon is used as a synonym for "hydrogen".

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Shock wave A shock wave propagates with enormous speed, so in the first 2 s it travels 1 km, in 5 s - 2 km, in 8 s - 3 km. The shock wave in most cases is the main damaging factor and has great destructive power. The degree of damage to manpower depends on the power and type of explosion, the distance from the explosion site and the use of the protective properties of the terrain, fortifications and standard equipment. The shock wave causes injuries of varying severity. Trenches and other defensive structures are good protection against shock waves. Thus, an open trench reduces the radius of damage by 1.5-2 times.

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Light radiation Light radiation is a stream of ultraviolet and infrared radiation that spreads almost instantly in all directions from the site of the explosion. It can cause burns to exposed skin, eye damage, fire of some parts of weapons and equipment, and even melting of metal. Light radiation at night poses a great danger to human eyes.

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Penetrating radiation Penetrating radiation is a stream of gamma rays and neutrons, spreading from the moment of explosion in all directions within 10-15 s. The damaging effect of penetrating radiation is based on the ability of gamma rays and neutrons to ionize atoms that make up living tissues. As a result, vital processes in the human body are disrupted and, with a large dose, radiation sickness is caused.

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Radioactive contamination Radioactive contamination is formed when a nuclear charge and radioactive isotopes formed as a result of the impact of neutrons on the materials from which nuclear weapons are made, and penetrating radiation - are divided into some elements that make up the soil in the area of the explosion. Radiation from radioactive substances also causes radiation sickness in humans. The damage is determined by the amount of radiation dose and the time during which it was received. Protection against ionizing radiation from radioactive contamination is provided by various engineering structures and other shelters. Slide 17

BALL ANTI-PERSONNEL BOMBS AND MINES Can be the size of a tennis ball to a soccer ball and contain up to 200 striking elements measuring 5-6 mm. The radius of destruction of one such bomb is from 1.5 to 15 meters. Used in cassettes containing 96 - 640 bombs. The radius of dispersion of damaging elements is up to 250 thousand square meters. They can be the size of a tennis ball to a soccer ball and contain up to 200 striking elements measuring 5-6 mm. The radius of destruction of one such bomb is from 1.5 to 15 meters. Used in cassettes containing 96 - 640 bombs. The radius of dispersion of damaging elements is up to 250 thousand square meters.

DESIGNED TO DAMAGE LARGE GROUND OBJECTS (INDUSTRIAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE BUILDINGS, RAILWAY JUNCTIONS, ETC.) BY SHOCK WAVES AND FRAGMENTS. THE CALIBER OF SUCH A BOMB CAN BE FROM 50 TO KG. THE MAIN MEANS OF DELIVERY OF HIGH EXPLOSIVE AIR BOMBS (FAB) ARE AIRPLANES.

DESIGNED TO DESTROY ARMORED TARGETS. PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION – BURNING A BARRIER WITH A POWERFUL JET OF HIGH DENSITY GASES WITH A TEMPERATURE OF DEGREES. FOCUSED DETONATION PRODUCTS ARE CAPABLE OF BURNING HOLES IN ARMOR COVERS WITH A THICKNESS OF SEVERAL TENS OF CENTIMETERS.

DESIGNED FOR DESTRUCTION OF AERODROME RUNWAYS AND OTHER OBJECTS WITH CONCRETE COVERING. CONCRETE BOMB "DURANDAL" WEIGHTS 195 kg AND LENGTH 2.7 m, HAS A warhead WEIGHT OF 100 kg. IT IS CAPABLE OF PULLING UP TO 70 CM THICK CONCRETE FLOORS. HAVING PUNCHED THE CONCRETE, THE BOMB EXPLODES (SOMETIMES WITH A SLOW DOWN), FORMING A FUNNEL 2 DEPTH AND 5 METERS IN DIAMETER.

VOLUMETRIC EXPLOSION AMMUNITION IS DESIGNED TO DAMAGE PEOPLE, BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT BY AIR SHOCK WAVE AND FIRE. THEY USE SPECIAL GAS-AIR MIXTURES. THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION IS TO SPRAY SUCH MIXTURES INTO THE AIR WITH THE SUBSEQUENT UNDERMINATION OF THE FORMED CLOUD OF AEROSOLS. THE EXPLOSION RESULTS IN HUGE PRESSURE. DESIGNED TO DAMAGE PEOPLE, BUILDINGS, STRUCTURES AND EQUIPMENT BY AIR SHOCK WAVE AND FIRE. THEY USE SPECIAL GAS-AIR MIXTURES. THE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION IS TO SPRAY SUCH MIXTURES INTO THE AIR WITH THE SUBSEQUENT UNDERMINATION OF THE FORMED CLOUD OF AEROSOLS. THE EXPLOSION RESULTS IN HUGE PRESSURE.

NAPALMS The most effective fire mixture is considered to be NAPALM. It consists of gasoline (%) and thickener powder (3 - 10%). Napalm ignites well even on wet surfaces and is capable of creating a high-temperature fire (1000 - 1200 degrees) with a burning duration of 5 - 10 minutes. It is lighter than water, so it floats on its surface, while retaining the ability to burn. NAPALM is considered the most effective fire mixture. It consists of gasoline (%) and thickener powder (3 - 10%). Napalm ignites well even on wet surfaces and is capable of creating a high-temperature fire (1000 - 1200 degrees) with a burning duration of 5 - 10 minutes. It is lighter than water, so it floats on its surface, while retaining the ability to burn.

Metallized incendiary mixtures "Electron" - an alloy of magnesium (96%) and aluminum (3%) and other elements ignite at 600 degrees. And it burns with a dazzling white or bluish flame, reaching a temperature of 2800 degrees. It is used to make casings for incendiary bombs. “Electron” - an alloy of magnesium (96%) and aluminum (3%) and other elements ignites at 600 degrees. And it burns with a dazzling white or bluish flame, reaching a temperature of 2800 degrees. It is used to make casings for incendiary bombs.

THERMITE COMPOSITIONS Pressed powder of aluminum and oxides of refractory metals. Burning thermite heats up to 3000 degrees. At this temperature, concrete and brick crack, steel burns. Pressed powder of aluminum and oxides of refractory metals. Burning thermite heats up to 3000 degrees. At this temperature, concrete and brick crack, steel burns.

WHITE PHOSPHORUS is a translucent wax-like solid. It is capable of self-ignition by combining with oxygen in the air. The flame temperature is 900 – 1200 degrees. Used mainly as a napalm igniter and smoke-forming agent. It is a translucent solid similar to wax. It is capable of self-ignition by combining with oxygen in the air. The flame temperature is 900 – 1200 degrees. Used mainly as a napalm igniter and smoke-forming agent.

If the fire mixture gets on personal protective equipment or clothing: Clothing or protective suit must be quickly discarded; Clothing or protective suit must be quickly removed; Cover a small amount of incendiary substance on clothing or an open area of skin tightly with sleeves, hollow clothing, turf, soil, sand, silt, etc.; Cover a small amount of incendiary substance on clothing or an open area of skin tightly with sleeves, hollow clothing, turf, soil, sand, silt, etc.; You can't run because... this will intensify the combustion process and lead to more severe damage; You can't run because... this will intensify the combustion process and lead to more severe damage; If a person is exposed to a large amount of fire mixture, then a cape, jacket, burlap is thrown over him and pressed to the ground. If there is a body of water nearby, you need to immerse yourself in the water without taking off your clothes; If a person is exposed to a large amount of fire mixture, then a cape, jacket, burlap is thrown over him and pressed to the ground. If there is a body of water nearby, you need to immerse yourself in the water without taking off your clothes; A fire extinguisher should not be used on a victim to extinguish napalm. A fire extinguisher should not be used on a victim to extinguish napalm.

A cruise missile is usually a single-launch unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with wings, a guidance system and an air-breathing engine. At the same time, there were designs that both had rocket engines and were controlled by suicide pilots. Outdated names: aircraft-projectile, gliding bomb. unmanned aerial vehicle with an air-jet enginerocket enginesunmanned aerial vehicle with an air-jet enginerocket engines USA Tomahawk cruise missile in flight P-800 "Onyx" anti-ship missile, Russia

A ballistic missile is a type of missile weapon. Most of the flight is carried out along a ballistic trajectory, that is, it is in uncontrolled movement. Missile weapons flight has a ballistic trajectory. According to their field of application, ballistic missiles are divided into strategic and tactical. You can often find a division of missiles by flight range, although there is no generally accepted standard classification of missiles by range. strategic tactical short-range ballistic missiles short-range ballistic missiles (up to 1000 kilometers). kilometers medium-range ballistic missiles medium-range ballistic missiles (from 1000 to 5500 kilometers). Intercontinental ballistic missiles Intercontinental ballistic missiles (over 5500 kilometers). Intercontinental and intermediate-range missiles are often used as strategic missiles and are equipped with nuclear warheads. Their advantage over airplanes is their short approach time (less than half an hour at intercontinental range) and greater speed of the warhead, which makes them very difficult to intercept even with a modern missile defense system.PRO

Anti-aircraft missile systems MIM-104 "Patriot" (eng. MIM-104 Patriot, translated from English Patriot) anti-aircraft missile system, used by the US Army and its allies.English anti-aircraft missile systemUSA 2K22 "Tunguska" (GRAU index 2S6 and 2S6M) Soviet and Russian anti-aircraft missile and gun system (ZRPK), self-propelled anti-aircraft gun (ZSU) developed by the Tula Instrument Design Bureau.GRAUSovietRussian anti-aircraft missile and gun complex anti-aircraft self-propelled gun Tula Instrument Design Bureau The name was taken from the Yenisei tributary of the Tunguska River, similar to the ZSU-23-4 “Shilka”. YeniseiTunguskaZSU-23-4 “Shilka”

Aviation guided bombs GBU-28 BUNKER BUSTER. The GBU-28 Guided Bomb Unit was designed to destroy fortified Iraqi command posts located deep underground. The bomb is equipped with a laser guidance system. The body is made from artillery barrels.

ATGM ATGM anti-tank guided missile. The former name of the ATGM is “anti-tank guided missile.” The ATGM missile is a solid-fuel missile capable of adjusting the flight path according to the operator’s commands or its own seeker. The warhead is cumulative; now there is a tendency to use tandem warheads. cumulative