Conversational style. Conversational style of speech B) Drawing up criteria for characterizing the style of speech
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Speech styles: conversational style
Features of the colloquial style It developed in the urban environment, has fundamental differences from the literary language, being part of it. This is unprepared speech in conditions of free communication. Style can be presented in oral and written form (cues in plays, dialogue in works of art, etc.). Availability of colloquial vocabulary. Frequent use of incomplete sentences.
Conversational style Special signs: Lack of preparedness. Spontaneity and ease of verbal communication. Expressive coloring. The law of “simplification of linguistic means”, i.e. law of linguistic economy. Main functions Orally – a means of communication. In fiction - the embodiment of the author's intention.
The main functions of the conversational style in works of art Creating a verbal portrait. Recreating the life of a particular social environment. Creating a comic effect (when confronted with elements of book speech). Styling tool.
1. Creating a verbal portrait Damn it, I’m so hungry and there’s a chattering in my stomach as if a whole regiment had blown trumpets. We won’t get there, and we’ll just go home! What do you want me to do? The second month has already started from St. Petersburg! He squandered some expensive money, my dear, now he sits with his tail curled up and doesn’t get excited! Oh, my God, at least some cabbage soup! It seems like the whole world would be eaten by now. (Osip’s monologue from N.V. Gogol’s comedy “The Inspector General”
2. Recreating the life of a particular social environment Whose will you be? Koshevoy. Akimkin's son? Whatever your name and personality, it doesn’t concern you. Why, I say, didn’t Don leave for? I didn’t want to, so I didn’t leave. And what are you? Have you become the Anchichrist's servant? Did you put a red star on your hat? It's you, son of a bitch, bastard, so you're against our Cossacks? Against your own farmsteads? (conversation between Koshevoy and grandfather Grishak from M.A. Sholokhov’s work “Quiet Don”
3. Creating a comic effect Your Honor, Mr. Justice of the Peace! Therefore, according to all articles of the law, there is a reason to certify every circumstance in reciprocity. It's not me who is guilty, but everyone else. This whole thing arose because, God rest upon him, of a dead corpse. I’m walking on the third with my wife Anfisa quietly, nobly, and I see a bunch of different people standing on the shore... (A.P. Chekhov “Unter Prishibeev”)
On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes
The lesson introduces students to colloquial and bookish (in particular scientific) styles of speech; identifies signs of colloquial and literary speech; showing the features of linguistic means of conversational style of speech. will bring up...
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Conversational style Conversational style is one of the varieties of the literary language, which serves the sphere of relaxed communication between people in everyday life, in the family, as well as the sphere of informal relations in production, in institutions, etc.
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Main signs Ease of communication Spontaneity and unpreparedness of communication. Spoken speech cannot be premeditated. It is predominantly dialogical in nature, although a monologue is also possible.
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Word formation Words with suffixes of subjective evaluation with the meaning of endearment, diminutive, disdain, (dis)approval, irony, etc. are often used: daughter, daughter, daughter, hands, furious, enormous.
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Word formation Nouns with suffixes that give speech a colloquial or colloquial tone. -ak(-yak): weakling, good-natured; -sh-a: cashier, secretary; -an(-yan): old man, troublemaker; -un: braggart, talker; -ish: strong, baby; relative: running, hustle.
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Word formation Adjectives with suffixes usch(-yush): enormous, thin; with the prefix pre-: very kind, very unpleasant.
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Word formation Verbs of prefix-suffix formation: walk, walk, sentence, whisper. Verbs with -nothing: fashionable, grimacing, wandering, carpentry. Verbs starting with (a)-nut: push, scold, scare, mutter, gasp. Verbs with several prefixes: re-take, re-hold, re-think.
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Word formation Doubling words: big-big, white-white, quickly-quickly, small-very-small, high-high. Abbreviation of names: grade book - record book, naval school - seafarer, surgical department - surgery.
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Vocabulary Emotionally expressive vocabulary and phraseology are widely represented: hard worker, parasite, old man, silly; fool, curly; cast a shadow on the fence, take you by the throat, climb into a bottle, starve to death.
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Vocabulary Stylistically neutral words are used in figurative meanings characteristic of a conversational style: cut off - “answer sharply, wanting to stop the conversation”: Said - cut off and did not repeat it again); fly - “break, deteriorate”: The engine flew.
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Vocabulary Metonymy is widely used: Today there will be a meeting of the teachers' council - Today is the teachers' council; Dictionary of the Russian language compiled by S.I. Ozhegov - Ozhegov.
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Vocabulary Everyday vocabulary is widely used: greedy, bother, instantly, tiny, unaware, rightly so, slowly, train, potato, cup, salt shaker, broom, brush, plate, etc.
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Vocabulary Practical terms and foreign words that have not yet become commonly used are not used. The author's neologisms (occasionalisms) are used: It's muddy and wet on the street. Contextual synonyms: He is some kind of dark, cloudy person.
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Vocabulary Standard expressions, familiar formulas of speech etiquette: How are you? Good morning! Be kind! I'm sorry.
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Morphology Forms of nouns starting with -a in the nominative case plural. numbers: bunker, cruiser, searchlight, instructor. Forms of -y in the genitive and prepositional cases: a kilogram of sugar, a glass of tea, a bunch of grapes, in the workshop, on vacation. Zero ending in plural genitive case. numbers: five grams, ten kilograms, kilogram of tomato.
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Morphology Extensive use of pronouns For example, the pronoun such can denote a positive quality or serve as an intensifier: She's such a woman! - beautiful, magnificent, smart; Such beauty all around! A pronoun in combination with an infinitive can replace the name of an object: Give me something to write; Bring something to read; Do you have something to write about?; Get something to eat.
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Morphology The use of verbs of multiple and single action: read, sat, walked, twisted, whipped, fucked. Verbs with the meaning of instant action: knock, bang, jump, skip, fuck, walk. Participles and gerunds are practically not used
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Syntax Incompleteness of sentences as a means of speech economy: Are you home? Are you on the tram? Are you coffee or tea? Boiled, don't worry!
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Presentation on the topic: Conversational style
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Lesson objectives: educational: generalize and deepen information about the features of colloquial speech according to the purpose of the statement, the scope of application; improve the skills and abilities of analyzing speech utterances; be able to prove that a text belongs to a conversational style of speech, improve text analysis skills; developmental: promote the activation of independent activities of students, the development of oral and written speech, skills research work, the ability to observe, analyze, summarize, review the answer of your friend; educational: formation of cognitive interest, motivation for learning through a variety of techniques used, guarantee of achieving the desired results, nurturing a culture of mental work, communicative communication among students
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In addition to the main function - a means of communication - colloquial speech also performs other functions: in fiction it is used to create a verbal portrait, in the author's narrative it serves as a means of stylization, and when colliding with book speech it can create a comic effect.
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COMMUNICATIVE CULTURE OF THE PERSONALITY NEED FOR COMMUNICATION, ATTITUDE TO THE METHOD OF COMMUNICATION COMMUNICATIVE ABILITY: TO HAVE INITIATIVE IN COMMUNICATION, ACTIVE POSITION, ABILITY FOR SELF-STIMULATION AND MUTUAL STIMULATION POSSESSION OF COMMUNICATION VOLUME COMPETENCE: KNOWLEDGE OF COMMUNICATION NORMS AND RULES
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Speech situations 1 speech. situation - you were invited to an evening of art songs and asked to prepare a speech about the life and work of V.S. Vysotsky. What genre will you choose? Justify! Write down the beginning of your speech (See the memo “Rhetorical analysis, its varieties.”) Memo “Rhetorical analysis, its varieties” - who is the addressee? - Who is this statement addressed to? - why, for what purpose is the genre created or perceived? - where and when does communication take place? - what is being said (written), i.e. what is the topic of the statement? - with the help of what speech means (verbal and non-verbal) is the speech genre realized? Did the speaker (writer) manage to realize his communicative intention? 2. speech situation - The postman delivers a letter for a neighbor who is not at home. What conversation could happen between him and the one who opened the doors? Describe the speech genre. 3. speech situation - Imagine that a dispute arose in the class on the topic: “Is loving yourself selfishness or beneficence?” What point of view will you defend? What arguments and methods of proof will you choose? What conclusion will you draw?
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Letter from A.S. Pushkin July 22, 1831 From Tsarskoye Selo to St. Petersburg. Your letter of the 19th greatly saddened me. You're moping again. Hey, look: the blues are worse than cholera, one kills only the body, the other kills the soul. Delvig died, Molchanov died; Wait, Zhukovsky will die, we will die too. But life is still rich; we will meet new acquaintances, new friends will mature for us, your daughter will grow up, she will grow up to be a bride, we will be old bastards, our wives will be old bastards, and the children will be nice, young, cheerful guys; and the boys will begin to hang out, and the girls will become sentimental; but we like it. Nonsense, my soul; don’t be depressed - the cholera will pass one of these days, if only we were alive, we will someday be cheerful. I'm sorry that you didn't receive my letters. There were efficient people between them; but no problem. This Esling, whom you don’t know, is my grandson from the lyceum and, it seems, a kind fellow - I instructed him to deliver my fairy tales to you; read them for the sake of cholera boredom, and there is no hurry to print them. By the way, I’ll tell you the news (but let it remain, for many reasons, between us): the tsar took me into the service - but not into the clerical, or court, or military - no, he gave me a salary, opened the archives for me, so that I rummaged around there and did nothing. That's very nice of him, isn't it? When will we see each other, brother? Oh, this cholera! Goodbye. I bow to all of you. Be healthy. Christ is with you. July 22
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Questions and tasks Level I 1. Write out 1 colloquial and colloquial words from the letter, formed in a suffixal way. What shade of meaning do the suffixes add to these words? 2. Write out 1 word from the letter with reduced stylistic coloring. 3. Write out the colloquial phraseology from letter 2. 4. Select from letter 3 the verbs in the imperative mood. How can you explain the frequency of their use in the text of the letter? 5. Mark the interjections used in A.S.’s letters. Pushkin. What moods and feelings do they express? 6. Select 3 messages from the text of the letter. How do they characterize the author of the letter, what is his relationship with the addressee? LEVEL II 7. Find an interesting-sounding Russian surname in letter 2. What does this pronunciation of the surname indicate? 8. Write out 1 incomplete sentence from the letter. Give (orally) its full version. Why do you think Pushkin chose the incomplete version of the sentence for his letter? 9. Choose a synonymous two-part sentence for Pushkin’s...I’m sad without him. Compare options. Why did Pushkin use an impersonal sentence?
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Indicate the features of conversational style in excerpts from A.P.’s letter. Chekhov to his brother Al. To P. Chekhov June 5, 1890 from Irkutsk European brother! Of course, it is unpleasant to live in Siberia; but it is better to be in Siberia and feel like a noble person than to live in St. Petersburg and be considered a drunkard and a scoundrel. I'm not talking about those present. Siberia is a cold and long country. I'm eating and eating and there's no end in sight. I see little interesting and new, but I feel and experience a lot. I fought with river floods, with cold, with unclimbed mud, with hunger, with the desire to sleep, such sensations that in Moscow you would not experience in a million. You should go to Siberia! Ask the prosecutors to send you here. In general, I am pleased with my trip and do not regret that I went. It's hard to travel, but it's a wonderful vacation. I rest with pleasure. Well, be healthy... I bless you with both hands. Your Asian brother A. Chekhov
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Conclusion Colloquial speech stands out sharply among the functional styles of the Russian language. It is opposed to other book styles - in fact, in all respects. And this opposition creates fertile ground for their interaction, and therefore for the development of the Russian literary language as a whole. Colloquial speech enriches book styles with lively, fresh words, phrases, and constructions. Book speech, in turn, influences the spoken language, into which terms are intensively poured. The interaction of colloquial speech and book styles is one of the main processes in the development of the Russian literary language
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Homework Listen to the speech of adults - at home, on the street, in transport and write down 10-12 phrases characteristic of oral conversation. Write a sketch-essay in a conversational style of speech, using dialogue on one of the proposed topics (try not to reduce the general speech culture of the text): 1. Meeting of friends after a summer vacation; 2. impressions of the movie or performance you watched; 3. About your musical interests; 4. about your favorite singer, actor. Try, using the expressive means of language, to write an essay in a conversational style that contains different types of speech. The essay can be sad, but it can also be funny and humorous. Topics: broom. Come up with several titles, compare them, choose the most successful one.
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“Conversational style of speech” is a type of literary language. The wind in your head is pitch-black hell. It's in the bag. Sit in a galosh. Word-formation features of conversational style. Van! doubling words: big - very big. Incomplete sentences in dialogue. Conversational style vocabulary. Non-normative accent. The immediacy of verbal communication between participants.
“Written multiplication” - How old was godfather Pumpkin then? Next >>. 1) The length of the vegetable garden is 35 crowns, the width is 10 m2. Each box contains 12 jars of honey. 3. Find the meaning of the expression: 2) How many rivers are there in Estonia? 2. Simplify the expression: How many possible positions were there for the unlucky musicians? Seven new students come to the board.
"Historical genre" - Moscow. Uffizi Alley. A. von Menzel. "Concert of Frederick II at Sanssouci". 1852. Museum of Modern Art. Uffizi Gallery. Fragment of a bas-relief from the 1st quarter of the 19th century. L.Galle. "Last honors to the remains of the Counts of Egmont and Horn." 1851. F. Boucher. "Jupiter and Callisto". 1744. Museum of Fine Arts. Paris.
“Genres of Folklore” - Over the bumps, over the bumps Into the hole boom. Jokes. Pestushki. Folklore is an encyclopedia of the life of the Russian people. I will go to Eristan. Ritual song. Calls. Riddles Nursery rhymes Jokes Calls Pestushki Tongue twisters Reversal Fairy tales Songs. Nursery rhymes. Ivan, tell my horse - whoa! Magic Household About animals.
“Styles and genres of text” - She also broke someone else’s chair and crumpled someone else’s bed. Goal: For several hours I couldn't find my way to school. For Easter, an elderly couple decided to bake not a cake, not a pie, but some kind of bun. Be carefull! Being very hungry, I ate someone else's porridge. Topic: Information processing of texts of various styles and genres (practical work).
“Genres in painting” - 1. Portrait. 6. Animalistic genre. Genres of painting. Rembrandt, Harmens van Rijn. Battle genre. Historical genre. 4. Marina. Painting. Fairy-tale genre. Karl Eduard is ill. 7. Interior. 8. Religious genre. 9. Everyday genre. 2. Self-portrait. 3. Landscape. 5. Still life.
Level I 1. Write out 1 colloquial and colloquial words from letter 1, formed in a suffixal way. What shade of meaning do the suffixes add to these words? 2. Write out 1 word from the letter with reduced stylistic coloring. 3. Write out the colloquial phraseology from letter 2. 4. Select from letter 3 the verbs in the imperative mood. How can you explain the frequency of their use in the text of the letter? 5. Mark the interjections used in A.S.’s letters. Pushkin. What moods and feelings do they express? 6. Select 3 messages from the text of the letter. How do they characterize the author of the letter, what is his relationship with the addressee? LEVEL II 7. Find an interesting-sounding Russian surname in letter 2. What does this pronunciation of the surname indicate? 8. Write out 1 incomplete sentence from the letter. Give (orally) its full version. Why do you think Pushkin chose the incomplete version of the sentence for his letter? 9. Choose a synonymous two-part sentence for Pushkin’s...I’m sad without him. Compare options. Why did Pushkin use an impersonal sentence?
