Fire safety requirements for drying chambers. Drying chamber for wood. Thermal insulation of wood drying chambers
GOST R 51564-2000
Group G47
STATE STANDARD OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DRYING AND EVAPORATORY EQUIPMENT AND INSTALLATIONS
Safety requirements. Test methods
Drying and evaporating apparatus and plants.
Safety requirements. Test methods
OKS 71.120
OKSTU 3613, 3614
Date of introduction 2001-01-01
Preface
1 DEVELOPED Joint stock company open type "Research and Design Institute of Chemical Engineering" (JSC "NIIKHIMMASH")
INTRODUCED by the Technical Committee TC 260 "Chemical and oil and gas processing equipment"
2 APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution of the State Standard of Russia dated February 2, 2000 N 25-st
3 This standard is harmonized with the Japanese industrial standards: "Band dryer - Test and inspection methods" (JIS B 6550 "Band dryer - Test and inspection methods") and "Roller dryers - Test and inspection methods" (JIS B 6547 "Roller dryer - Test and inspection methods") in terms of geometric dimensions and technological parameters
4 INTRODUCED FOR THE FIRST TIME
1 area of use
1 area of use
This standard applies to drying and evaporation apparatus and installations (hereinafter referred to as apparatus and installations), including equipment included in complete drying and evaporating installations intended for drying and evaporation of products in the chemical and related industries.
This standard establishes general safety requirements and test methods for devices and installations used in Russia and exported.
2 Normative references
This standard uses references to the following standards.
GOST 12.1.003-83 System of occupational safety standards. Noise. General safety requirements
GOST 12.1.005-88 System of occupational safety standards. General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area
GOST 12.1.012-90 System of occupational safety standards. Vibration safety. General requirements
GOST 12.1.019-79 System of occupational safety standards. Electrical safety. General requirements and nomenclature of types of protection
GOST 12.1.023-80 System of occupational safety standards. Noise. Methods for establishing the values of noise characteristics of stationary machines
GOST 12.2.003-91 System of occupational safety standards. Production equipment. General safety requirements
GOST 12.2.007.0-75 System of occupational safety standards. Electrical products. General safety requirements
GOST 12.2.062-81 System of occupational safety standards. Production equipment. Protective fences
GOST 12.4.012-83 System of occupational safety standards. Vibration. Means for measuring and monitoring vibration at workplaces. Technical requirements
GOST 12.4.026-76 * System of occupational safety standards. Signal colors and safety signs
________________
GOST R 12.4.026-2001. Here and further in the text. - Database manufacturer's note.
GOST 16504-81 System of state testing of products. Testing and quality control of products. Basic terms and definitions
GOST 17187-81 Sound level meters. General technical requirements and test methods
GOST 21130-75 Electrical products. Grounding clamps and grounding signs. Design and dimensions
3 Safety requirements
3.1 Safety requirements - in accordance with GOST 12.2.003 during the service life of devices and installations.
Devices and installations must ensure safety requirements during manufacture, installation, operation, repair, transportation and storage, when used individually or as part of production lines.
According to the climatic design, devices and installations installed outdoors must be stable in terms of seismic resistance and wind pressure.
3.2 Sources of danger for operating personnel are:
fire and explosive properties of products;
toxicity of products;
pressure of gaseous and liquid media in apparatus and installations;
temperature of the drying agent and coolant;
temperature of heating and secondary steam;
temperature of hot surfaces of devices and installations;
electric current supplied to electric drives, instrumentation and automation;
static electricity;
presence of rotating parts;
vibration;
noise;
harmful emissions into the atmosphere.
3.3. Apparatuses and installations operating under pressure, as well as when working with explosive products, must be equipped with safety devices that prevent the destruction of the apparatus (installation) from exceeding the permissible pressure and from an explosion, and means of automatic signaling of the occurrence of emergency situation according to requirements , .
3.4 Discharge of process products after activation of the safety device must be carried out in accordance with the requirements.
3.5 The drying agent and drying modes must be selected taking into account the fire and explosive properties of the material being dried.
3.6 When carrying out the drying process in an inert gas atmosphere, automatic control of the oxygen content in the inert gas must be provided.
If the maximum oxygen concentration is exceeded, an automatic blocking must be provided to prevent the formation of explosive mixtures in the apparatus (installation).
3.7 To prevent the ignition of flammable materials, devices and installations must be equipped with means of automatic temperature control of the drying agent and automatic interlocks that prevent the possibility of reaching critical temperatures.
3.8 When drying flammable and explosive products, apparatus and installations must be equipped with fire extinguishing devices that automatically supply water or an inert gas environment to the drying chambers when the temperature in them rises above the established norm.
3.9 In assembly units in which collision and friction of parts are possible, materials must be used that do not cause the formation of sparks when interacting.
3.10 In fire and explosion hazardous industries, drives with gears must operate in conditions that prevent the formation of sparks.
3.11 The V-belt drive must have electrically conductive belts.
3.12 In vacuum rotary drying devices and explosion-proof installations, in order to prevent air from entering the device (installation), the rotor seal design must provide for the supply of inert gas under excess pressure.
3.13 When drying flammable and explosive products under vacuum, devices and installations must be filled with inert gas before loading and unloading the product.
3.14 The surfaces of devices and installations with temperatures above 45 °C must be insulated.
3.15 After thermal insulation, devices and installations must be marked with signal colors and safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026.
3.16 The design, manufacture, installation, testing and reconstruction of devices and installations operating under pressure must be carried out by organizations that have permission (license, accreditation certificate) from the bodies of Gosstandart of Russia, Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia.
3.17 The design of devices and installations must ensure reliability, durability and safety of their operation during their service life.
The estimated service life (resource) must be established taking into account operating conditions and indicated in the operational documentation for a specific device (installation).
3.18 The design of pressure devices must comply with the requirements.
3.19 Materials used for the manufacture of devices and installations must ensure their reliable operation during their service life, taking into account operating conditions: pressure, temperature, composition and nature of the environment (corrosiveness, explosion hazard, toxicity).
3.20 Moving parts of devices and installations, if they are sources of danger, must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.062 or equipped with other means of protection.
3.21 Fences and other protective devices must be painted in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.4.026.
3.22 Rotation drives must have a red arrow attached to them, indicating the direction of rotation.
3.23 Permissible levels of sound pressure and noise at workplaces must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.003
The noise characteristics of devices and installations are established in accordance with GOST 12.1.023 and are given in the regulatory documentation for devices and installations of specific types.
3.24 Permissible levels of mean square vibration velocity at workplaces must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.012 for industrial premises.
3.25 Electrical equipment of devices and installations must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.2.007.0 and.
Devices and installations must have reliable grounding, protecting operating personnel from electric shock and static electricity charges in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003.
Grounding must be carried out in accordance with GOST 21130.
3.26 Apparatuses and installations must be equipped with dust and drop collection systems from exhaust gases that do not allow exceeding the MPE and MPC values in accordance with GOST 12.1.005.
3.27 Control and measuring instruments should be installed in places convenient for observation and maintenance.
The automatic control system (ACS) must monitor process parameters, pre-emergency signaling, start blocking and emergency stops.
3.28 When servicing and repairing equipment and installations using lifting vehicles and mechanisms, measures must be provided to ensure their safe operation, as well as the safety of repair work.
3.29 Dismantling and opening of devices and installations for internal inspection, cleaning and repair should be carried out only after stopping the equipment and turning off the power supply.
3.30 Slinging of equipment when lifting and installing in the design position during the installation of devices and installations should be carried out according to slinging diagrams in accordance with the installation instructions.
Slinging devices by fittings and hatches is not allowed unless this is provided for in the technical documentation.
4 Test methods
4.1 Tests are carried out to determine the following indicators of devices and installations:
appointments - according to table 1;
ergonomic (vibration and noise);
reliability (mean time between failures, service life before major overhaul);
safety (in accordance with the requirements of section 3).
Table 1 - Purpose indicators
OKP code | Devices and installations | Destination indicator |
|
Additional |
|||
Drying: | |||
shelves and cabinets | Working pressure, MPa (kgf/cm), (for pressure devices) | Drying chamber volume, m. Surface area of shelves, m (for shelves) |
|
36 1320 - 36 1329 | roller | Weight, kg. Overall dimensions, mm | Roller diameter, mm. Roller working surface area, m |
36 1335 - 36 1339 | with rotating drums, | Drum length, mm. Outer diameter of the drum, mm (for devices with rotating drums). Inner diameter of the drum, mm (for rotary dryers). Drum volume, m |
|
36 1340 - 36 1349 | spray | Working volume of the drying chamber (cylindrical part), m. |
|
36 1350 - 36 1353 | belt and roller belt | Working surface area, m. Conveyor belt width, mm. Length of the working part of the conveyor belt, mm. Roller diameter, mm (for roller belts) |
|
36 1361, 36 1362 | fluidized bed, vibro-fluidized bed | Volume above the grate, m. Grate surface area, m |
|
aerofountain | Volume, m. Inner diameter of the drying chamber, mm |
||
pipe pneumatic | Temperature of the coolant at the inlet to the apparatus, °C. | Case diameter, mm. Apparatus volume, m |
|
cyclonic | Productivity of evaporated moisture, kg/h. Working pressure, MPa (kgf/cm), (for devices operating under pressure). | Volume, m. Diameter of the cylindrical part, mm |
|
vortex | Weight, kg. Overall dimensions, mm | Volume, m. Inner diameter of the case, mm |
|
spiral | Channel flow area, m. Expanded length of the channel axis, mm |
||
with counter jets | Diameter of the accelerating pipe, mm. Acceleration tube length, mm |
||
with a suspended layer of inert carrier | Lattice area, m. Volume of the apparatus above the grate, m |
||
Evaporation: | Productivity of evaporated water, kg/h. | ||
Working pressure of heating steam in the housings, MPa (kgf/cm). | |||
Working medium pressure, MPa (kgf/cm), by housing. | |||
Working environment temperature, °C. | |||
with forced circulation | Nominal heat exchange surface area, m (for installations - total). | Power consumption, kW (for installations) |
|
Inner diameter of the separator, mm (for devices). | |||
Diameter of the heating chamber, mm (for devices). | |||
with immersion burners | Weight, kg. Overall dimensions, mm. Number of housings (for installations) | Heating capacity, MW |
|
4.2 The need to conduct tests to determine specific indicators and characteristics is established in the technical conditions, programs and test methods for specific devices and installations, approved in the prescribed manner. The list of main types of tests is in accordance with GOST 16504.
4.3 All types of tests are carried out in stages, including:
preparatory activities;
quality control welds;
hydraulic tests for strength and tightness;
idle tests;
thermal testing;
processing of test results.
4.4 Preparatory activities include:
determination of the hazard category of equipment and conditions ensuring safe testing;
provision of regulatory documentation necessary for testing;
familiarization with the set of technical accompanying documentation and determination of its compliance with the test object.
The scope of technical documentation must contain:
project statement;
basic drawings of equipment and automatic control systems;
technical specifications;
test program and methodology;
manual.
4.5 Quality control welded joints carry out external inspection and measurements in accordance with current regulatory documentation and.
Control methods must be specified in the technical documentation.
4.6 Hydraulic tests for strength and tightness are carried out in accordance with.
The need for hydraulic tests and test methods must be specified in the technical documentation for a specific device (installation).
4.7 Idle tests include:
external inspection of the equipment being tested, checking the installation of guards for rotating mechanisms, guards for service areas and other devices that ensure test safety;
testing of all drives and mechanisms;
checking the grounding of the equipment, the correct connection of electric power cables and switching wires, the operability of the control, measuring and emergency blocking automatic control systems (ACS) in accordance with;
checking the level of vibration and noise according to GOST 12.1.023, GOST 12.1.012 and GOST 12.4.012;
checking the tightness of connections of devices, gas ducts, pipelines.
The performance of alarm and protection systems is checked by simulating a pre-emergency state, i.e. by supplying electrical or pneumatic signals corresponding to an increase in temperature, pressure or other regulated parameters.
4.8 Thermal tests are carried out after completion of all types of specified tests.
4.8.1 Before starting thermal tests, visually check:
readiness of the apparatus (installation) for testing (correct connection of the components of the equipment);
availability of sanitary dust cleaning systems (if necessary);
readiness for supply of the processed product, coolant and other media into the apparatus (installation), as well as for removal from the apparatus (installation) finished product and waste media.
In the case of testing devices (installations) operating under conditions of high pressure, which are objects of increased toxic hazard or fire and explosion hazard, the presence of safety devices against overpressure, increased sealing of connections, and fire extinguishing systems is additionally checked.
4.8.2 The start-up of the device (installation) and its testing are carried out in accordance with the operating instructions for the specific device (installation).
4.8.3 During testing, the performance of all standard devices is recorded.
The interval between recording parameters during the start-up period should be 15-30 s, and after stabilization of the parameters - from 15 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the test conditions and the characteristics of the specific device (installation).
The time of onset of regime stabilization is recorded.
4.8.4 Instrument readings should be taken at steady state.
4.8.5 Limit deviations of parameters and characteristics during testing should not exceed the values provided technical specifications, program or test method for a specific device (installation).
4.8.6 During operation, special attention is paid to the operation of the equipment and technological process parameters, which may be sources of industrial and environmental hazards specified in 3.2.
These parameters are monitored regularly in accordance with 4.8.3, 4.8.4.
Temperature of hot surfaces of devices (installations), grounding resistance, concentration of dust and gas emissions, etc. measured periodically in accordance with the requirements of technical documentation for a specific device (installation).
4.9 Processing of thermal testing results
4.9.1 Based on the obtained parameters, hydraulic and thermal calculations of the apparatus (installation) are performed.
4.9.2 Based on the data obtained and calculation results, a conclusion is given on the test results and the performance indicators of the tested sample are compared with the indicators given in the regulatory documentation, the reliability of the equipment is assessed and a conclusion is given on the compliance of the equipment with the technical specifications.
4.10 Measuring instruments and equipment
4.10.1 Quality control of welds of devices is carried out at the manufacturer of devices (installations), and installation - at the consumer.
4.10.2 Hydraulic tests are carried out at the manufacturer.
Hydraulic tests of devices and installations assembled by the consumer may be carried out after their assembly at the installation site.
4.10.3 Thermal tests, as a rule, are carried out by the consumer in a natural environment and in a production line.
All tests are carried out according to a program or methodology approved in the prescribed manner.
4.10.4 Test benches must ensure testing to the extent provided for by this standard and the program-method.
4.10.5 Measuring instruments used to determine test results must be used under the conditions established in the operational documentation for these instruments and have stamps or verification documents.
4.10.6 Measuring instruments used during testing must have accuracy classes no less than those indicated in Table 2.
table 2
Measured parameter | Accuracy class of measuring instrument |
Temperature, °C | |
Power consumption, kW | Not less than 1.0 |
Weight, kg | |
Geometric parameters (overall dimensions, m; heat exchange surfaces, conveyor belt surface, m) | |
Working and test pressure, MPa | |
Noise and vibration characteristics, dB |
4.10.7 Errors in direct measurements should be determined by the permissible maximum errors of measuring instruments, established by the accuracy class of the device.
4.11 Measurement of parameters and characteristics
4.11.1 Temperature measurement
4.11.1.1 Temperature should be measured with manometric or technical thermometers, thermoelectric converters, and resistance thermometers.
4.11.1.2 The temperature-sensitive part of the measuring instruments is installed directly into the working environment, the temperature of which is measured.
4.11.1.3 Thermocouples and resistance thermometers should be checked and calibrated with those connecting wires, switches and measuring instruments that will be used during testing.
4.11.2 Power consumption measurement
The power consumption of the device (installation) is determined by measuring the electrical power consumed by the motor (motors), heaters and other electrical-using devices.
To measure power consumption, wattmeters and electrical clamps should be used.
4.11.3 Pressure measurement
4.11.3.1 To measure pressure, pressure gauges should be used that provide measurement under the conditions established by the program or test procedure.
4.11.4 Geometric parameters (overall dimensions, heat transfer surface)
4.11.4.1 To measure geometric parameters, metal measuring tapes, measuring rulers, and calipers with a bore gauge should be used.
4.11.5 Weight of the device (installation) (weight characteristics)
4.11.5.1 To measure the mass of the apparatus (installation), carriage scales, automobile scales, mobile lever scales, platform scales, and a general-purpose dynamometer should be used.
4.11.5.2 It is permissible to determine the mass of the installation by measuring the mass of individual elements with subsequent summation.
where is time period, hours.
Or according to the formula
where is the productivity of the initial product, kg/h;
Initial moisture content of the product, %;
- final product moisture content, %.
Feed product throughput is measured at steady state using one of the following means: scales, orifices, rotameters, venturi, induction flow meter, rotary meter in combination with secondary instruments.
Measuring instruments must be manufactured at a specialized manufacturing plant and have a passport and calibration curve.
For liquids, it is allowed to carry out control measurements by periodically measuring the volumetric flow rate over time with recalculation using the formula
where is the processed volume of the original product, m;
Time during which the volume was processed, h;
- density of the original product, kg/m.
The moisture content of the product is determined by drying product samples weighing 1-3 g in a drying cabinet to constant weight or by another method established by the technological regulations.
4.12 Registration of test results
4.12.1 The results of tests (acceptance, periodic, qualification, certification) are drawn up in the form of a report.
4.12.2 The test report must reflect:
name and short description test object;
type of tests performed, goals and objectives of the tests;
contents of tests indicating test sections, test conditions, assignment of parameters, assessment of equipment reliability, list of instrumentation indicating accuracy class;
test results;
results of thermal engineering and hydraulic calculations;
conclusions based on test results.
4.12.3 The results of acceptance tests must be reflected in the passport for the device (installation).
APPENDIX A (for reference). Bibliography
APPENDIX A
(informative)
General explosion safety rules for explosion and fire hazardous chemical, petrochemical and oil refining industries. Approved by GGTN USSR 09/06/98 Electronic document text |
When choosing drying equipment, it is necessary to take into account the requirements for drying quality, climatic operating conditions of the dryers, drying volumes, personnel qualifications and many other factors. It can be unequivocally stated that not any equipment, even imported, will provide an effective process for the specific conditions of a particular plant.
Let's consider a number of fundamental requirements for drying chambers, which should help manufacturers both when choosing drying equipment and when reconstructing existing drying chambers and building new ones.
These requirements include:
Aerodynamics of drying chambers (drying chamber ventilation)
In drying chambers a uniform circulation rate of the drying agent (air) through the lumber must be ensured.
The speed of air movement through a stack of lumber depends on the species and thickness of the boards being dried. Effective for thin boards made of wood that dries quickly high speed circulation 2.0-2.5 m/s and higher, in some cases reaching up to 5 m/s.
For thick boards and especially hard-to-dry rocks, the speed can be reduced by 2 times without reducing the performance of the chambers, and the quality will be higher than at high speed. Thus, it must be possible to regulate the speed by at least a 2-speed motor. Note that low speed is also effective when drying quickly drying rocks when drying from 18-20% to final moisture content.
Drying chamber fences
Drying chamber fences must be sealed, that is, there should be no unorganized air and moisture exchange with the environment.
Drying chamber fences must have effective thermal protection (insulation) with a heat transfer coefficient of no more than 0.3-0.4 W/m² ºС.
This requirement is due to a greater extent to the need to maintain drying conditions, and not just to save thermal energy.
Thermal equipment
The drying chamber must have sufficient thermal power, providing rise and maintenance of temperature at a given level.
Heaters for drying chambers must be made of stainless materials.
Ventilation of drying chambers
Ventilation of drying chambers should provide stable parameters of supply air, both in summer and winter ( air must enter the chamber with a positive temperature). This is achieved by using a system for restoring air parameters in the chambers - recuperators.
When using drying chambers without recuperators in winter, the performance of the chambers decreases by 20-40%. Incoming cold air not only condenses moisture from the air, which causes an increase in drying time (at the first stage), but also negatively affects the quality of drying lumber.
Systems for monitoring and regulating the drying process (automatic drying)
Drying chambers must be equipped with a psychrometric climate control system.
The UGL system shows the worst results– control of temperature and equilibrium moisture content of wood.
Studies have shown that the adequacy of the readings of the UGL system is worse than that of the psychrometric system, which means that the drying regime is disrupted and, as a result, negatively affects the quality.
Structurally, the UGL sensor is a plate made of limb wood or cellulose fixed between two electrodes. Based on the value of electrical resistance adjusted for temperature, the equilibrium moisture content of wood in a given climate is predicted. The chambers must be equipped with a system for monitoring the current wood moisture content.
Much worse drying results are obtained when the process is carried out over time.
Process regulation should be carried out automatically.
In drying chambers, the drying process is carried out at a relatively high temperature and high moisture content (high partial pressure of water vapor) of the drying agent. This places the following requirements on the enclosures of drying chambers: tightness, moisture-proofness, good thermal insulation properties, durability and reliability.
Sufficient tightness and moisture resistance of the fences ensure that the specified drying mode is maintained in the drying chamber. Leaks in the chamber (leaks in the door ledges, at the entry points of ventilation pipes, psychrometric units, at panel joints and other gaps) cause inevitable leaks of the steam-air mixture and additional heat loss.
In stationary chambers, significant heat losses are caused by exfiltration (leakage by filtration) of steam over the entire area of walls and ceilings that have a capillary-porous structure. Exfiltration and leakage of steam through leaks, as well as infiltration (influx) of outside air into the chamber reduce the degree of saturation of the drying agent in it, even when the ventilation pipes are closed. Therefore, to maintain the drying mode and maintain the integrity of the material, it is necessary to resort to moistening the drying agent with steam or sprayed hot water. The actual amount of steam loss depends on the porosity of the fences and the degree of their moisture insulation. In cells with walls made of poorly baked bricks without sufficient moisture insulation, the total heat loss through the fences can exceed the calculated values by several times.
The thermal insulation properties of the fences (especially the ceiling) during the operation of the chamber should not allow moisture condensation on the internal surfaces, i.e. so that the temperature on these surfaces is higher than the dew temperature. To do this, the condition must be met
TO , (5.1)
Where TO– the required heat transfer coefficient of a given fence design, W/(m 2 K); a 1 – heat transfer coefficient from the drying agent to the inner surface of the fence, W/(m 2 K); t c– design temperature of the drying agent, ºС; t r– dew temperature corresponding to a given state of the drying agent, ºС; t 0.з– estimated winter outside air temperature, ºС.
When developing external enclosures of drying chambers for drying conditions with soft and normal modes, the value of the heat transfer coefficient TO should be taken within the range of 0.35...0.45 W/(m 2 K). In case of insufficient thermal insulation ( TO> 0.45 W/(m 2 K)) steam condensation will begin on the internal surfaces of the fences, which will cause additional drying of the environment in the chamber, making the drying process difficult.
The design of external fences of stationary cells must be multi-layered, with sufficient thermal insulation, with an air gap ventilated by outside air between the thermal insulation and outer protective layers. It is imperative to provide a vapor barrier that prevents the penetration of water vapor from the drying agent into the thickness of the fence. The vapor barrier layer should be located first on the inside of the fence. For overlapping, it is allowed to lay a vapor barrier layer on top of the supporting base, but always under the vapor barrier layer (insulation).
The penetration of water vapor into the enclosure occurs due to the large difference (up to 0.1 MPa) in the partial pressures of steam inside the chamber and outside it. Water vapor, penetrating into the fence, in the cooling zone to dew temperature, condenses (especially in the air and vapor barrier layers). This leads to an increase in the thermal conductivity of materials and to a deterioration in the thermal protection of the fence. Moistening only the thermal insulation layer increases heat loss from fences by 5...15%. Periodic freezing of moisture in the outer layers of stationary fences contributes to their premature destruction.
To reduce the likelihood of steam condensation in the thickness of the fence with a layered structure various materials should be located in the following order: to the inner surface - dense, thermally conductive and low vapor permeable materials; to the outer surface - porous, low thermal conductivity and more vapor permeable (in particular insulation). The air gap should be located closer to the outer surface and ventilated with outside air.
During the drying process, due to the release of volatile organic acids (formic, acetic, propionic) from the wood, an acidic environment is formed in the chamber. The degree of its acidity depends on the characteristics of the wood, the drying modes used and varies within pH = 3.4...4.2. Acid-containing condensate, entering the fence, contributes to the rapid destruction of brick, cement-lime joints between them, reinforced concrete, as well as ordinary and low-alloy steel.
To ensure the necessary durability of internal fences and equipment of drying chambers, it is necessary to use structural and protective materials that are resistant to aggressive environments.
Painting and drying booths for metal structures are widely used for painting a wide variety of metal products. Such cameras are indispensable in industrial production the following reasons:
- they allow you to reduce the difficulties of painting parts or products to a minimum while guaranteeing high productivity, as well as quality of work;
- reduce the negative impact on the environment to acceptable limits;
- minimize factors that may negatively affect the health of personnel servicing the chamber;
- comply with the standards of SNiP, PEB, PPB and other regulatory documents.
A well-equipped painting and drying chamber for metal structures consists of the following elements:
- room for painting;
- filter systems;
- supply and exhaust ventilation systems;
- heat generator.
Metal structures are painted in a painting room. The air that comes inside from the street, if necessary, is heated using a heat generator to the desired temperature. Through the supply ventilation system, as well as inlet filters, the air then enters the USC premises. Polluted air is cleaned using outlet filters and then released into the atmosphere through exhaust ventilation.
When painting metal structures, the greatest difficulties arise in the overall dimensions, as well as in the method of placing and moving products in and out of the chamber.
SPK GROUP offers an effective solution to these problems thanks to:
- wide range of cabin sizes;
- range of heating and ventilation units;
- reinforced cabin structure;
- the possibility of using beam cranes to distribute the product indoors by opening the roof of the chamber;
- the possibility of arranging the chamber floor with various product transportation systems;
- the possibility of producing non-standard painting and drying chambers for metal structures according to your technical specifications.
To select the right and effective paint booth for metal structures, contact us or fill out the appropriate questionnaire at. You can get acquainted with our completed projects for the production of metal structures.
Painting and drying plant for metal structures, Astana
V. Fire safety requirements for wood drying rooms (drying chambers).
5.1.When drying wood in petrolatum, it is heated in tanks to a temperature of 120-140°. The tank must be filled with petrolatum in such a way that when a package of wood is lowered into it, the liquid level in the tank rises no more than 60 cm to the top edge of the tank (to avoid liquid overflow). To reduce foaming of petrolatum, it is not recommended to immerse wood covered with ice or snow in it.
5.2. The premises where petrolatum baths are installed are equipped with supply and exhaust ventilation, and an umbrella with an exhaust pipe is mounted above the bath.
5.3. When drying wood with high-frequency currents in dryers, the electrodes must be in good condition and ensure good contact with the wood to avoid sparking. Before stacking wood for drying with high-frequency currents, you must make sure that there are no metal objects in it. With this drying method, the doors of the drying chamber are blocked with a device for supplying voltage to the electrodes; temperature control and regulation in dryers is carried out by automatic devices.
5.4. For each dryer, the maximum permissible rate of loading with materials and the maximum permissible operating temperature are established. Maintaining the specified operating temperature of drying chambers should be carried out by automatic temperature controllers. Clean the surface of heating devices from waste wood, debris and dust after each unloading of the drying chambers.
5.5. When drying with infrared rays, the permissible minimum distance from the lamps to the surface being dried is also established for each dryer (depending on the power of the lamps and the type of material being dried).
5.6. Operating drying chambers with faulty automatic equipment is not allowed.
5.7. Drying chambers (rooms, cabinets) for raw materials, semi-finished products and painted finished products must be equipped with automatic shutdown of heating when the temperature exceeds the permissible limit.
5.8. Staying of people and drying of work clothes in drying chambers is not permitted.
VI. Maintenance, maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance of fire protection systems and installations in the TSU carpentry workshop.
6.1. The premises of the carpentry workshop must be equipped with an automatic fire alarm system (AFS) and a warning and evacuation system (SOUE) for people in case of fire. In addition, painting booths using flammable liquids and flammable liquids, drying chambers, cyclones (hoppers) for collecting flammable waste must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing installations (AFE).
6.2. Fire safety systems and installations (smoke protection, automatic fire fighting and extinguishing equipment, warning systems and fire evacuation control systems) in the workshop must be constantly maintained in good condition and in constant readiness, comply project documentation. Converting installations from automatic to manual start is prohibited, except in cases specified in the rules and regulations.
6.3. Three-dimensional self-illuminating fire safety signs with autonomous power supply and from the electrical network used on evacuation routes (including illuminated signs “Evacuation (emergency) exit”, “Emergency exit door”) must always be in working order and on.
6.4. Routine work on maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance (TO and PPR) of automatic fire protection installations are carried out in accordance with the annual schedule drawn up taking into account the technical documentation of the manufacturing plants and the timing of repair work. Maintenance and repair work is carried out by a specialized organization, which has a license, under an agreement (state contract). Maintenance and repair work are carried out in order to maintain fire automatics installations in working order and in good condition throughout the entire period of operation, as well as to ensure their operation in the event of a fire.
6.5.Maintenance and repair of fire automatics installations includes:
carrying out planned preventive maintenance;
troubleshooting and routine repairs;
providing assistance to TSU in matters of proper operation.
6.6.1. The records must state the following conclusion: “The fire alarm system was delivered to the Customer in good working order and in automatic mode and is ready for intended use.”
6.7.Operation (maintenance) of fire automatics installations by TSU employees.
6.7.1. In a TSU, an administrative document (order) appoints a person responsible for the operation of the TSU fire automatics installations, as well as operational (duty) personnel monitoring the condition of the fire automatics installations during duty days at the assigned facility.
6.7.2. The person responsible for the operation of the TGU fire automatics installations is obliged to ensure:
control over the initial inspection of fire automatics installations and compliance with maintenance and repair regulations by a specialized organization, as well as the timeliness and quality of work performed by this organization in accordance with the work schedule under the contract (state contract);
development of the necessary operational documentation in the following volume (operating instructions for the fire automatics installation; work regulations; maintenance and repair schedules; technical assignments for concluding contracts with a specialized organization for maintenance and repair);
training of duty personnel on actions to take when fire automatics are triggered (malfunctions);
investigation of the causes of activations and malfunctions of fire automatic systems;
timely submission of complaints:
For installation organizations - upon detection of poor-quality installation or deviations during installation from the design documentation that have not been agreed upon with the project developer and the state fire inspection body;
Service organizations - for untimely and poor-quality maintenance and repair of installations and fire automatic equipment.
analysis and synthesis of information about technical condition maintained fire automatics installations and their reliability during operation;
development of measures to improve the forms and methods of maintenance and repair of fire automatics installations.
Conduct an external inspection of the installation components (PPKiU, detectors, annunciators, alarm loop) for the absence of mechanical damage, corrosion, dirt, and fastening strength.
carry out control of the operating position of switches and circuit breakers, serviceability of the safety protection system, presence of seals on the control and control system.
make sure that there are seals on the safety valve and the safety pin of the AUPT start handle;
make sure that the alarm is working according to the readings of the PPKiU and that the pressure corresponds to the required parameters according to the readings of the AUPT pressure gauges.
instructions for operational (duty personnel);
tactical and technical characteristics of devices and equipment of fire automatics installations mounted on a fixed object, and the principle of their operation;
name, purpose and location of the premises protected (controlled) by the installations;
the procedure for starting the fire automatics installation in manual mode;
procedure for maintaining operational documentation;
the procedure for monitoring the operating condition of the fire automatics installation at the facility;
procedure for calling the fire department.
VII. Fire safety requirements for electrical equipment.
7.1. Operation of electrical equipment in the TSU carpentry workshop is carried out in accordance with the “Instructions on fire safety measures during the installation and operation of electrical equipment at TSU.”
7.2. Persons responsible for the operation of electrical installations are obliged to:
7.2.1. Monitor the correct selection and use of cables, electrical wires, motors, lamps and other electrical equipment, depending on the fire and explosion hazard class of the premises and environmental conditions;
7.2.2. Systematically monitor the condition of electrical equipment in order to prevent short circuits, overloads, and other emergency operating conditions that can lead to fires and fires;
7.3. To prevent fires (ignitions), the reliability of connections, protective grounding, grounding, and operating mode of electric motors must be checked within the established time limits. It is also necessary to inspect stationary equipment and electrical wiring of emergency and work lighting, test and measure the insulation resistance of wires, cables and grounding devices according to a schedule, by the TSU chief power engineer service at least once every three years. The measurement results must be documented in a report (protocol) in accordance with the electrical equipment testing standards.
7.4. All electrical installations must be protected by protection devices against short circuit currents and other emergency conditions that can lead to fires and fires.
7.5. When operating electrical equipment, the following requirements must be observed:
installation and operation of electrical installations and electrical products in the premises of the TSU carpentry workshop must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents on fire safety and electrical power (including the Rules for the Construction of Electrical Installations (PUE), the Rules for the Technical Operation of Consumer Electrical Installations (PEEP), inter-industry rules for occupational safety and health operation of electrical installations.);
during operation, woodworking equipment must be subject to maintenance and scheduled preventive maintenance in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers given in the documentation for this equipment;
in the premises it is necessary to use certified portable and mobile electrical receivers, as well as auxiliary equipment for them, in accordance with their purpose specified in the passport;
Once every 6 months, portable and mobile power receivers, as well as auxiliary equipment for them, must be checked, and the results of the check must be reflected in the “Logbook for registering inventory, periodic inspection and repair of portable and mobile power receivers, and auxiliary equipment for them”;
do not allow the passage of overhead power lines and external electrical wiring over combustible roofs, sheds, and stacks of lumber;
do not allow the laying of electrical wires and cables in transit through warehouses and production facilities;
Do not allow electrical wires to sag or come into contact with each other or with structural elements of the building and various objects.
7.7. The lighting electrical network must be installed so that the lamps do not come into contact with combustible structures and combustible materials in accordance with the requirements of the PUE.
7.8. Electric motors, lamps, wiring, distribution devices must be cleaned of combustible dust at least twice a month, and in rooms with significant dust emissions - at least four times a month.
7.9. When operating electrical installations, it is prohibited:
leave live electrical wires and cables with bare ends, as well as operate electrical wires and cables with damaged or lost insulation;
use electrical energy receivers (electrical receivers) in conditions that do not meet the requirements of the manufacturers' instructions or have malfunctions that, in accordance with the operating instructions, can lead to a fire;
use electric stoves, electric kettles and other electric heating devices that do not have thermal protection devices, without stands made of non-flammable heat-insulating materials that eliminate the risk of fire;
use non-standard (homemade) electric heating devices, use uncalibrated fuse links or other homemade overload and short circuit protection devices;
place (store) flammable (including flammable) substances and materials near electrical panels, electric motors and starting equipment;
lay electrical cables through combustible building structures and flammable finishing materials of premises;
connect sections of electrical wires using “mechanical twisting”.
7.11. Malfunctions in electrical networks and electrical equipment that cause sparking, short circuits, or excessive heating of the flammable insulation of cables and wires must be immediately eliminated by the personnel on duty; A faulty electrical network should be disconnected until it is restored to a fire-safe condition.
7.12. Holes at the intersections of electrical wires and cables (laid for the first time or replacing existing ones) with fire barriers in buildings and structures must be sealed with fire-resistant material before turning on the power supply.
7.13. Replacement of electrical appliances with lower power with higher power should be carried out taking into account the permissible load of the electrical network (section and material of wires, switches, etc.) and after agreement with the chief power engineer of the TSU.
7.14. Installation of electric heating equipment in the carpentry workshop should be carried out only after agreement with the fire safety department, civil defense and emergency situations of TSU and the chief power engineer of TSU.
7.15.Electrical installations and household electrical appliances in premises where there are no personnel on duty at the end of working hours must be de-energized. Emergency lighting, fire extinguishing and fire water supply installations, fire and fire alarm systems must remain energized.
