How to start a farming business. Where to start farming, business plan. Raising gobies for meat

Today, agricultural business is supported in every possible way by the state - many entrepreneurs have turned their attention to this niche. The advantages of running your own farm are enough - a huge sales market, quick cost recovery, and consistently high profits. Of course, many difficulties will await a beginner, but they are quite surmountable if you organize your activities correctly.

Our business valuation:

Initial investments - from 50,000 rubles.

Market saturation is medium.

Difficulty starting a business - 7/10.

How to become a farmer from scratch in Russia?

Here, as in any other direction of business, you will need to draw up a business plan. This is especially important if you start using borrowed funds to organize your activities.

Entrepreneurs who decide to start a business in the agricultural sector have many opportunities for business development - it can be either a small family livestock farm or a large agricultural complex. But in order to minimize any risks, start small - it is worth expanding your business only if you have “free” finances and gained experience.

Peasant farming is a commercial structure aimed at attracting income from the production and further sale of agricultural products. There are not so many large enterprises in our country - there is definitely not enough "capacity" to fully fill the market. Everyone has every chance to take a strong position in the niche.

It will be beneficial to open your own farm from scratch for the following reasons:

• Now there are special state programs designed to financially help start-up entrepreneurs. It is quite difficult to get a subsidy - you have to collect a lot of papers, provide a business plan for the farm. But it becomes a great start to a promising business for many entrepreneurs.
• The population is interested in purchasing high-quality natural products - confidence in domestic products is growing.
• Your farm will generate consistently high profits as food prices rise every year.
• Due to the imposed sanctions on the import of products from European countries, the Russian market is experiencing a shortage of farm products - the demand is huge.

When thinking about how to organize a farm from scratch, do not forget about the pitfalls that may await you on the way to success - despite all the advantages of the direction, there are risks. Agricultural business is an area where profitability largely depends on external factors. You can lose half your crop due to drought or pest infestations. The livestock sector has its own problems - for example, epidemics of diseases, due to which half of the raised animals may die. Farming involves a significant proportion of manual labor - especially in family businesses when hired labor is not used. Therefore, it is worth getting ready for the hard work.

Have you already decided for yourself “I want to start farming”? Get down to business thoroughly - carefully study the direction in which you will work in the future. If possible, be sure to visit existing farms to see everything in practice.

Which line of business to choose?

How to start a farming business? The first step is to choose a direction for further activities. All further stages of organizing their own economy will depend on this. There are several profitable "formats" of agricultural business:

• Plant growing - cereals, vegetables, fruits and berries, greens.
• Cattle breeding - pigs, sheep, cows, rabbits.
• Poultry farming - chickens, turkeys, pheasants, geese.
• Fish farming - sturgeon, trout, carp.
• Beekeeping.
• Growing mushrooms - oyster mushrooms, champignons.

Thinking in which direction and how to start farming, it is worth conducting a market analysis. Choose niches that are in demand in your region with minimal competition - this will make it easier to achieve business success. The amount of available finance is also important - some areas will require significant investments, while others can be mastered with a minimum of costs.

It will be easier for a beginner to open a farm for breeding chickens or geese, pigs or rabbits, growing berries and fruits, mushrooms. The products that you will receive in the course of your activity are in demand in the market. In addition, these areas are easy to learn and inexpensive.

How is the registration of a business in the field of agriculture going?

Many private farmers operate without registration - significant savings in regular tax payments. If you plan to raise several heads of cattle in your own summer cottage, at first you can do without registering a business. But in this case, you will be able to sell your products only to private buyers - even the local markets will not "let you in" without the appropriate documents.

Registration of a farm is required without fail if you plan to sell finished products to wholesale buyers in the future. Execute the activity in the form of an individual entrepreneur or LLC. You register with the tax inspectorate, register with Rosporttebnadzor and SES. If we talk about the marketing of products of animal origin (meat, eggs), the finished product must undergo regular veterinary checks before being sold.

Financial costs for organizing a business

Is farming profitable? Definitely yes - considering that the organization of a business in some areas requires a minimum of costs. For example, to start raising chickens in your own summer cottage, you need no more than 50,000 rubles. Therefore, not having an impressive amount of money at your disposal to open a large farm, start small.

It will be rather difficult to indicate the exact number of investments - it all depends on the chosen field of activity. But in any case, in a business plan, it is important to calculate all the upcoming costs.

Make a list of what it takes to become a farmer. Investments will be required for the following needs:

• Land lease. You will save a lot if you own land.

• Purchase of equipment and inventory. To work in any of the possible directions, you will need consumables - this often becomes a significant cost item. Shovels and rakes, automatic sprinklers, greenhouses, feeders, buckets - just a small part of everything you need. In some cases, so that the finished product does not deteriorate while waiting for its buyer, you will need to buy refrigerators and freezers.
• Preparation of industrial premises. Stables, chicken coops, pigsties - you will need to invest money in the construction of "premises". Even when growing vegetables, fruit and grain crops, you will need to build a barn for storing finished products. If you do not need to comply with any special conditions when keeping animals or birds, you can build a barn yourself.
• Purchase of broodstock, seeds. A farm from scratch, if you are organizing a business in the field of livestock or poultry, will definitely require significant expenses for the purchase of several heads of livestock or birds. For planting crops, seed is purchased in the required amount. It is not worth saving here - there is a great risk of buying sick animals or low-quality seeds.
• Purchase of feed, fertilizers. You will have to spend money on replenishing stocks of feed and fertilizers regularly. To save on variable costs, you can feed your livestock "homemade" food.

When thinking about where to start farming, be sure to think about ways to raise funds to start a business. It's great if you have your own savings. If the accumulated funds to start a business are not enough, you will have to take out a bank loan or try to get a government subsidy.

Sales channels for finished products

It is not difficult to become a novice farmer, considering the possible risks and thinking through all the nuances. It is difficult for a beginner to find wholesale buyers for finished products. It is unlikely that it will be possible to immediately establish cooperation with large supermarket chains - focus on small retail outlets and private buyers.

How much a farmer earns depends on the volume of sales of finished products. The better your sales channels are, the more profit you will receive.

We draw a conclusion - when thinking about where to start a farming business, monitor the market and already at the stage of drafting a project, start looking for wholesale customers interested in a particular type of product.

When to expect the first profit?

How much do farmers in Russia earn? The exact measure of profitability will depend on the "scale" of the business, sales volumes and prices set for the product. Small farms from the sale of finished products by the end of the season can have up to 500,000 rubles of net profit. Some areas of activity (for example, raising chickens) generate income throughout the year. Home businesses will, of course, be less profitable as there will be significantly fewer sales.

Despite the different size of investments, both livestock and crop production pay off in about the same time frame. Over the next 9-12 months, you will be investing in growing animals or crops. Only after slaughtering the heads or harvesting the harvest do you receive the proceeds. In most cases, the first profit can only be expected after a year.

Knowing where to start farming can help you build a highly profitable farming business.

Relatively recently, a topical issue arose - import substitution. Meat, vegetables, fruits - all agricultural products at the moment are urgently needed, and therefore - an actual product. In this regard, aspiring entrepreneurs began to increasingly ask themselves the question of opening their own farm.

How to open a farm? In this guide, we will take a comprehensive look at this issue.

This area has not lost its relevance, and will never lose. Millions of potential consumers of final products live in Russia. Meat processing plants are more interested in quality meat suppliers than ever. But such a large scale is not always achievable for an aspiring entrepreneur.

The primary task for a potential farmer should be to provide products for their own region, and as production grows, one can begin to think about entering the federal market.

Main types of farming activities

A farm can be engaged in the following activities:

• Livestock breeding;
• Vegetable growing;
• Crop and seed production;
• Production of products from our own natural raw materials.

The undoubted advantage of this type of activity is all kinds of government benefits and subsidies, which are relatively easy for a novice entrepreneur to get.

How to register a farm under the law?

Federal Law No. 74 “On Peasant (Farm) Farms” is responsible for the regulation of this type of activity. This type of business is registered as a peasant farm - a peasant farm.

It presupposes certain social benefits and support from the state. After registration, the head of the farm receives , and information about peasant farms is entered into

Establish a farm by any capable person over 18 years of age. There are no citizenship requirements. Family members of the head of the farm are admitted to it upon reaching the age of 16. No more than 5 unrelated persons can be part of a farm.

This does not mean a ban on the hiring of workers or any limitation in its number!

The procedure for registering a peasant farm itself is very simple and will require collecting minimum package of documents.

Documents for establishing a farm

1. Agreement between the members of the farm on its creation. Not required if the farm is organized by one person. The sample can be downloaded here: http://www.blankbuh.ru/blank/39
2. Application for registration of a farm (form 21002). See an example of filling here: http://dombiznesa.ru/files/doc2/obrazec_primer_zap ...
3. The passport or photocopy applicant's passport.
4. Receipt for in the amount of 800 rubles. An important nuance - the receipt must be paid by the head of the farm for his own data, otherwise it will simply not be accepted by the tax office.
5. Statement on the transition to a special tax regime.

Registration documents can be submitted in person, sent certified copies by mail, or using the registration procedure itself takes standard 5 days, after which you will receive a ready-made package of documents for an individual entrepreneur.

Important! If the head of the farm is already registered as an individual entrepreneur, then it will no longer be possible to register the farm.

What to do to get subsidies for starting a farm from scratch?

To receive subsidies for starting a farm at the initial stage, you will need to come to the Employment Center and register. You do not need to register an individual entrepreneur before applying.

Under the program of self-employment of the population, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with a subsidy to start their own business. in the amount of 60 thousand rubles.

To apply for a loan (if there is such a need) it is worth choosing banks with state support. The most optimal choice is the Russian Agricultural Bank, which has special loans for the development of agriculture.

The only thing is that the entrepreneur must own a land plot on which the farm will be located. To receive large amounts, you will need to provide a deposit

We will discuss the costs of starting a business in more detail below.

There is also the option of attracting investors - they can act as members of the farm, and based on the share of their investments (which are determined by an agreement between the members of the farm) they will receive a share of the profit.

And now - about the main thing. Let's consider several areas of activity for peasant farms with figures and calculations.

Farm: business plan with calculations

Rabbit farm business plan

Rabbits are comparatively profitable farm animals. From them hides and meat are obtained, which is considered dietary and sells well. Frequent illnesses are their biggest disadvantage.

If several rabbits fall ill - as a result, almost all livestock dies, which is a serious problem. You can protect yourself from this by regularly vaccinating the livestock, and by compulsory compliance with the conditions for keeping rabbits.

Fundamental rules

It is forbidden:

• Allow overcrowding, overcrowding of rabbits in cages;
• Buy animals from unverified breeders;
• Introduce new rabbits to the main livestock without prior quarantine;
• Neglecting mandatory vaccinations;
• Keep rabbits in damp, poorly heated and ventilated areas.

Subject to these simple rules and proper feeding, breeding problems should not arise. For breeding, you should choose rabbits directly from meat breeds (not mixed and not fur). These include: white giants, Californian breed, New Zealand - white and red.

These breeds are characterized by a high growth rate, as a result of which young animals can be slaughtered by 4-5 months. Rabbits of these breeds reach a weight of 4-5 kg ​​by 5 months.

Equipment costs for a rabbit farm (business plan) with a capacity of up to 1000 heads per year

Purchase of breeding stock	30 females + 2 males	15,000 for a 3-month young
Purchase of feed	Compound feed, hay, mineral additives	150,000 per year
Vaccination	Veterinary drugs	10,000 rubles per year
Veterinary service	Preventive inspection of livestock	5,000 rubles per year
Shed or barn building	Materials + work	From 10 to 25 thousand rubles
Buying cells	At the rate of 60 cells	From 30 to 60 thousand rubles
Hiring	1 person (if necessary)	180,000 rubles per year
Slaughtering and waste disposal equipment		From 20 to 50 thousand rubles
Refrigeration equipment	For storing carcasses	From 20 to 40 thousand rubles
Other expenses		50,000 rubles per year

Profit from the rabbit farm

Net profit calculation: 1,300,000 - 345,000 = 955,000 rubles per year. It is possible to reduce costs without hiring personnel, then the net profit will amount to 1,135,000 rubles per year from a small livestock of 30 females.

The advantage of rabbit breeding is that the livestock volume can be increased very quickly, due to which the profit will also begin to grow. It should also be noted that dressed rabbit skins are purchased in large quantities at a higher price.

Dairy farm business plan

Consider a plan for a small dairy farm with 10 cows. The sale of milk has been and will be a topical area, in addition, cows and calves are also meat. Average cost of fresh veal - 200-300 rubles per kg (wholesale prices), beef - 200-250 rubles.

Costs

Estimated profit

Net profit calculation: 1,625,000 - 370,000 = 1,255,000 rubles when selling milk and meat in bulk. For retail trade in products - 2,755,000 rubles per year. It is possible to increase profits through the production of cheeses, sour cream and other dairy products for sale.

Also, you can temporarily exclude the slaughter of calves for meat (heifers), and increase the number of livestock. After the first calving, young animals will begin to yield milk, respectively, they will be profitable.

It should be noted that with a greater live weight of a cow (that is, she is well fed), her milk productivity increases. There is also a number of elite breeds that yield up to 30 liters of milk per day.

Conclusion

Creating a farm from scratch - which will not lose its relevance. At the moment, there is no high competition in this industry in Russia, but there is a constant consumer demand.

The cost of opening your own farm pays off on average in 2-3 years, after which the farm begins to bring a net profit. In this area, you can expand and scale.

For example, starting with breeding rabbits, after six months or a year, buy a bird or start fish farming, thereby increasing your income. Based on the above, we can conclude that opening your own farm is

How to start a farm from scratch in Russia? Watch the following video interview:

Recently, many citizens have begun to open business in rural areas, since in the city almost all profitable niches have long been occupied by experienced entrepreneurs. Another good reason is the ability to start without large investments. In this article, we'll talk about where to start farming and how to lead it to success.

How do I open a farm?

If you decide to open a farm, but do not know where to start, the first thing to do is to develop a competent business plan. First, carefully calculate all costs, consult with specialists and plan all your further actions. After that, you can start implementing the idea. The business plan will be the guiding thread that will lead your business to success. The most important thing is to have a good start, and all problems can be solved as they arise.

So where to start organizing a farm? The first thing to do is find a suitable plot of land. It can be purchased or rented. The most profitable thing is to buy land. In this case, you will not worry about the fact that its owner, after the expiration of the lease, will refuse to renew it. At the moment, in the regions, one hectare of agricultural land costs 2-4 thousand rubles. This is a very affordable price even for beginners who do not have large start-up capital.

After you have dealt with the land plot, you need to decide what exactly you will be doing.

The most popular areas of activity:

• Pig breeding;
• Poultry keeping;
• Breeding cattle;
• Growing vegetables or melons;
• Fish farming.

The easiest way to start farming from scratch is to choose one field of activity and gradually develop it. The main advantage of any farmer is that in addition to the main profit, he can receive additional income. For example, if you are organized, you can work in parallel with the production of frozen berries, preserves and jams. Entrepreneurs who breed cows or pigs can produce sausages and stew. The cultivation of grain crops can be accompanied by the production of flour, pasta and cereals.

Financial investments

It is quite difficult to answer the question of how much it costs to open a farm, since the size of the initial investment largely depends on the scale of the future enterprise and the scope of activity. If you plan to start breeding cattle, you will need a large start-up capital, about 2–5 million rubles. The opening of a small poultry farm will have to spend 0.7-1.5 million rubles. For beginners who are interested in how to start a farm from scratch, it is better to start by growing vegetables. In this case, you only need money for the purchase of seeds and fertilizers.

Novice entrepreneurs who want to start their own business in the countryside often ask the question, I want to open a farm, how will the state help? You should not expect that you will be able to receive a loan immediately after registering a company. In our country, it is issued only to those farmers who fall under the program for the development of the agro-industrial complex. In addition, this is too troublesome, since in order to receive financial assistance, you need to find several guarantors. If you register for unemployment at the employment center, you may be given a free subsidy for starting a business in the amount of 50-60 thousand rubles.

Profit

The first profit from a farm can be obtained in 9-12 months. The payback period of a business does not depend on the line of business. With the right approach, you can cover all costs in just a year of work. After that, your income will be significantly higher than the cost of maintaining the farm. If you cannot decide, be sure to pay attention to this promising area of ​​activity. Many successful farmers started out as small family farms and managed to achieve great heights thanks to their patience and hard work.

Business profitability

Some farmers cannot make their enterprise profitable because they do not have the appropriate knowledge and skills. But this does not mean that it is necessary to put an end to this area of ​​activity. To be successful, you need to regularly update equipment and other assets, research advanced agricultural developments, and incentivize land.

To increase the profitability of your business, breed several types of animals or grow different vegetables and fruits. If one part of your structure turns out to be unprofitable, the other will in any case cover all costs and allow you to make a profit.

Another effective way to increase profitability is own production on the basis of a farm. Start a small business and process finished products in-house. In addition, you need to find buyers who will buy it in bulk at competitive prices.

Most Popular Ideas for Newbies

Interested in how to open a farm without a large initial investment? In agriculture, you can start your own business literally from scratch. If you take responsibility for your work, over time, a small farm will develop into a highly profitable manufacturing enterprise. If you are not attracted to growing vegetables or other crops, you can start breeding:

When the first farmers appeared in our country, the people around them, who did not dare to start, said:

The time is not yet, there are no conditions for a start - laws, loans, capital, etc. etc.

Now the same people say:

They were lucky - they started on time, successfully used loans, now there are no such opportunities, again there are no funds, etc., etc.

And it will always be so - some people do, others - weigh their own possibilities. And there are always opportunities, you just need to be ready to take advantage of them.

It's always difficult to start, both now and fifteen years ago. Especially when the wind is in your pockets. Anyone will start with money, but starting from scratch will be a more difficult task. In a word, this is a pretty gamble. And if you also consider that the bets in the game called "agriculture" are very risky.

Of course, it is best to start in the direction that you know, can do, and where your heart is. Doing something that you like, you get pleasure. And when, besides pleasure, there is also a good material result - what else can you dream of?

But it often happens that you yourself do not know what you like best, but you have to start.

Of course, you need to try yourself in different directions, but first of all in those that can bring quick results with a small financial investment. Even if your passion is gardening, then for some time you will have to earn money for this in other directions, since setting up a garden will require considerable financial resources and for a few more years you will only have expenses that need to be covered by something.

Agricultural business from scratch. When I started and thought about which direction to choose, I proceeded from the following:

1) there is no money;

2) there is no equipment;

3) there is no transport;

4) there are no special practical skills either.

I looked closely at everyone who worked independently on the ground. And I couldn't find a better direction than growing vegetables.

What attracted me to vegetable growing:

Plant growing, and vegetable growing in particular, gives more freedom than, for example, animal husbandry.

With the most minimal care, any animal should be approached at least a couple of times a day so that it does not scream. And so every day, 365 days a year.

Vegetable growing is seasonal. Although it has peaks at certain times, it is not so intense throughout the year. You may not approach the plants for more than one day. Even if it lacks something, it does not scream. Although oversight can also lead to a deterioration in the result.

Vegetable growing in a small area does not require large initial financial investments. These are mainly costs for seeds, tillage and plant protection.

It is possible to practice without having your own technique. For basic tillage, a technician can be hired. There are few such works.

The main work is done by hand. That is, basically everything depends on me.

Before me was the example of Koreans who were engaged in the cultivation of melons and vegetables. They, as a rule, did not have either their own technique or their own land, but they always had a lot of watermelons and vegetables.

I saw that my acquaintances, who worked for at least a season with the Koreans, had a good result and did not want to return to collective farm life.

All other wisdom of the technology of growing vegetables were mastered in the process. Much was given by acquaintance with someone else's experience. Healthy curiosity doesn't hurt here. And also trial and error is the oldest and best teaching method. Everything else is in the process of robots.

The next year we were able to buy film and build seedling greenhouses to start growing early vegetables. We did not bump into one culture and one type of product. We tried to have early, medium and late production.

There is no need to count on a very large result immediately in the first year. You just need to set yourself the task of annual development. You can not be content with what you have achieved, marking time. Today we treated 1 hectare, the next year - 2 hectares. Or they received 50 tons of products, the next year - 100 tons. And even better - to work on doubling your income. In any case, you need to set yourself the task of increasing the results of your business.

With such a gradual increase in production, the result will come. Over time, you will begin to grow overgrown with technology, you will be able to attract workers to help you.

And then there will be opportunities for pursuing other areas that require large resources: gardening, viticulture, animal husbandry, etc.

Over time, I was able to acquire equipment, it became possible to rent large areas of land - I began to engage in grain production, where the processes require less manual labor and are more mechanized, since in our area there are limited labor resources.

Many farmers who also started out and do not experience problems with labor, on the contrary, did not get carried away with increasing areas, but began to intensify vegetable growing. They are expanding their assortment, introducing drip irrigation, purchasing precision seed drills, achieving higher yields, improving quality, and starting packaging.

After all, vegetable growing now gives the largest income from 1 hectare of land, it is several tens of times higher than when growing any grain, oilseeds and industrial crops.

And one more important point - when you start and the volume of grown products is small, in order to obtain a better result, we ourselves sold everything to the end consumer - we did not use the services of intermediaries and wholesalers. Although over time, when they began to grow large volumes of products, they moved away from retail. It has become more profitable for us to wholesale in order not to waste time in the market and focus only on the production of products.

Although I am no longer involved in vegetables, I still believe that there is nothing better for getting started in farming.

Today there are a number of state programs that are aimed at developing and supporting farmers, and tax incentives for owners have been identified. This type of entrepreneurial activity has become promising in Russia. We will figure out where to start farming, what expenses will be required and how to successfully start in this business.

A farm is a commercial organization that operates on a family basis, produces agricultural products for the purpose of selling them for profit.

Before starting a business in this area and for drawing up a business plan, decide on the choice of direction.

Breeding branches

• Livestock:, horses,.
• : trout, carp, sturgeon, silver carp, pike, carp, catfish.
• Breeding poultry: layers, broilers, ducks, geese, ostriches,.

What is grown

• Vegetables: cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, peppers, eggplants, pumpkin, potatoes, carrots.
• Fruits and berries: melons, watermelons, apricots, pears, apples, strawberries, cherries, cherries, prunes, plums.
• Herbs: parsley, dill, onion, garlic.
• Cereals: wheat, oats, barley, rye, corn, sunflower, buckwheat.

This is not a complete list, but we have listed common and traditional cultures.

What kind of activity to choose additionally

When drawing up a business plan for a farm, take into account that additional income is possible from related activities.

• We decided to grow fruits and vegetables - additionally set up the production of frozen vegetables and fruits.
• If you want to be engaged or pigs - at the same time start the production of stew, products and other delicacies from meat. Cows are also profit from the sale of dairy products: milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese and others.
• when growing cereals, organize the production of flour, cereals or try.

Where to start when opening a farm

The procedure for the formation of property is determined by the Law "On Peasant (Farm) Economy" No. 74-FZ of 11.06.2003 (amendments of 28.12.2010 No. 420-FZ).

According to paragraph 1 of Article 3, any capable citizen of the Russian Federation, as well as a foreign, stateless person, have the right to create a peasant farm. Clause 2 of the article states that spouses and parents, grandparents, children, sisters, brothers, grandchildren (up to three families) can become members. Also persons who are not relatives of the head, but no more than five people.

Article 4 says that the creation of an economy by a group of persons will require the conclusion of an agreement on joint activities.

Article 5 describes the procedure for registering a peasant farm.

Registration procedure

• pay the state fee;
• notarize the application for registration;
• hand over a package of documents to the IFTS;
• register with the Foundations;
• receive a letter from Rosstat with statistics codes;
• open a bank account.

On state support for agriculture

There are a number of benefits for newly created enterprises, but when you need a loan for the development of an agricultural business, do not expect to receive a loan from the state. It is available to farms included in the agro-industrial complex development program. It also includes guarantors.

You are not a pensioner and do not work - apply to the employment service with an application for inclusion in the self-employment program so that you can receive state assistance from 50 to 60 thousand rubles for opening an individual entrepreneur in the agricultural sector.